??·?? · ?? · ?? · ????????? ?? · ??(?????? · ??????) · ???? · ??? (the whole process of evaluating a process or component to find out if the products of a offered improvement phase satisfy the circumstances imposed In the beginning of that phase) [IEEE STD 1012] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???, ???? ???? '?? ?? ?? ???